Socio-psychological support of stigmatized minorities: A technological approach
Abstract
According to the generalized and systematized results of the theoretical and empirical study of the problem, the conceptual foundations for the study of persons’, groups’ and minorities’ stigmatization in modern society are grounded within the application of the technological approach to the problem of socio-psychological support of minorities’ representatives experiencing stigmatization in different social and educational environments. The content of technologies for socio-psychological support of stigmatized minorities is specified in the context of understanding stigma as a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon that unfolds over time, manifests itself in situations of social interaction and is defined as both a process and a state that expresses both causes, result and its consequences. The list of the most stigmatized minorities in Ukrainian society and the list of psychological factors of stigmatization and conditions of its occurrence and distribution are specified. It is presented the understanding of the content of technology for socio-psychological support of stigmatized minorities and ways of its realization at the cognitive, emotional and behavioral levels on the basis of selection (depending on the target groups specificity) of forms, techniques, methods, means and influences aimed at enhancing tolerance, actualization of empathy and reflexivity mechanisms, social activity increasing in the representatives of stigmatized minorities, and their social well-being improving. There are defined the directions of support technologies’ application, depending on the target groups: prevention and overcoming of prejudices, prevailing in the society, tolerance increasing (implementation of destigmatization programs through the education system, and media); enhancement of professional competence of specialists in the system of socio-psychological service (training programs, seminars, etc.); socio-psychological work of specialists with people who have become the object of prejudice, and their closest social contacts (an increase of stigmatized persons’ self-esteem, correction of attributive style, which ensures their successful adaptation in conditions of stigmatization)
References
[1] Aleksandrov, A. A. (2006). Stigmatizatsiya v narkologii [Stigma in narcology]. Meditsinskaya panorama [Medical panorama], 6, 42–46. (in Russian)
[2] Berezhna, O. O. (2015). Problema politychnoi korektnosti ta styhmatyzatsii v suchasnii anhlomovnii suspilno-politychnii literaturi [The problem of political correctness and stigma in contemporary Englishlanguage socio-political literature]. Naukovi zapysky Natsionalnoho universytetu «Ostrozka akademiia». Seriia «Filolohichna» [Scientific Notes of the National University of Ostroh Academy], 59, 23–26. (in Ukrainian)
[3] Blaine, B. (2007). Understanding the Psychology of Diversity. Los Angeles, CA: Sage. (in English)
[4] Blaine, B., Kimberly, J. & McClure Brenchley (2017). Understanding the Psychology of Diversity. SAGE Publications Ltd. (in English)
[5] Bovina, I. B., & Yakushenko, A. V. (2015). Stigmatizatsiya psikhicheski bolnykh lyudey i borba s ney: sotsialno-psikhologicheskoye izmereniye problemy [Stigmatisation of Mentally Ill People and Their Destigmatisation: Social-Psychological Dimension]. Vestnik RUDN. Seriya «Pedagogika i psihologiya» [RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics], 2, 14–23. (in Russian)
[6] Byelonosova, N. A. (2011). Deiaki aspekty stuhmatuzatsii ludei, shcho chyvut z VIL/SNID [Some aspects of stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS]. Visnyk Kharkivskoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu im. V. N. Karazina. [Bulletin of Kharkiv National University V. N. Karazin: a collection of scientific works], 27, 222–226. (іn Ukrainian)
[7] Byrne, P. (2000). Stigma of mental illness and ways of diminishing it. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 6, 65–72. (in English)
[8] Demydova, V. G. (2007). Prohnostychnii komponent u profesiinii diialnosti pedahoha [Predictive component in teacher’s professional activity]. Odessa: PNC of APS of Ukraine – Cherkasy MP]. (in Ukrainian)
[9] Donii, N. Ye. (2017). Styhmatizatsiia osib, yaki ostupylysia: pytannia novitnoho chasu [Stigmatization of distressed people: the issue of modern times]. Visnyk Dnipropetrovskoyo universytetu. Filosofiia [Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk University. Philosophy], 2, 93–100. (in Ukrainian)
[10] Goffman, I. (1963). Stigma: Zametki ob upravlenii isporchennoy identichnostyu [Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity]. New York: Prentice – Hall. Retrieved from http://ecsocman.edu.ru/text/ 17687311/. (in Russian)
[11] Haghighat, R. A. (2001). Unitary theory of stigmatization. Pursuit of self-interest and routes to destigmatisation. British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, 207–215. (in English)
[12] Inter-Agency Standing Comitee (IASC) (2017). Kerivnytstvo MPK iz psykhichnoho zdorovia ta psykhosotsialnoi pidtrymky v umovakh nadzvychainoi sytuatsii (2017). [IPC Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Emergency Management]. Kyiv: Pulsary. (in Ukrainian)
[13] Jacoby, A. (2005). Epilepsy and social identity: the stigma of a chronic neurological disorder. The Lancet Neurology, 4.3, 171–178. (in English)
[14] Karamushka, L. M. (Ed.), Zaichykova, T. V., Vinoslavska O. V. et al. (2005). Tekhnolohii roboty orhanizatsiinykh psykholohiv. [Technological robots of organizational psychologists]. Kyiv: Inkos. (in Ukrainian)
[15] Khryanin, А. А., Reshetnikov, O. V., Bocharova, V. K., Shpiks, Т. А., Russkikh, M. V., Evstropov, A. N., & Marinkin, I. O. (2019). Stigma i diskriminatsiya v otnoshenii lyudey, zhivuschikh s VICh: vzglyad studentov-medikov [Stigma and Discrimination against People Living with HIV: the View of Medical Students]. Journal of Siberian Medical Sciences, 1, 78–87. (in Russian)
[16] Kravchenkova, M. M. (2010). Styhmatizatsiia profesii yak proiavlennia kryzovoi svidomosti ukraintsiv [Stigmatization of professions as a manifestation of the crisis consciousness of Ukrainians]. Visnyk Harkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu im. V. N. Karazina [Bulletin of Kharkiv National University V. N. Karazin], 25, 112–115. (in Ukrainian)
[17] Link, B. G. & Phelan, J. C. (2001) Conceptualizing Stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 363– 385. (in English)
[18] Panok, V. H. (2011). Teoretyko-metodychni zasady rozvytku praktychnoi psykholohii v Ukraini [Theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of practical psychology in Ukraine]. (The abstract of the dissertation of the doctor psychol. of sciences). H. S. KostIuk Institute of Psychology, National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv. (in Ukrainian)
[19] Panok, V. H. (Ed.), Obuhivska, A. H, Ostrova, V. D. et al. (2016). Psykholohichna sluzhba [Psychological service]. Kyiv: Nika-Tsentr. (in Ukrainian)
[20] Smirnova, Yu. S. (2009). Predubezhdeniya studentov v otnoshenii predstaviteley stigmatizirovannykh grupp [Student bias against stigmatized groups]. (PhD Thesis). Belarus. State Univ., Minsk. (in Russian)
[21] Smirnova, Yu. S. (2005). Strukturno-soderzhatelnyye kharakteristiki predubezhdeniy k stigmatizirovannym gruppam [Structurally meaningful characteristics of prejudice towards stigmatized groups]. Sovremennyye psikhologicheskiye tehnologii vliyaniya na lichnost [Modern psychological technologies of influence on the individual]. Vitebsk: Publishing House UO «VGU them. P. M. Masherova», 133–142. (in Russian)
[22] Tytarenko, T. M., Dvornyk, M. C., Klymchuk, V. O., Lazorenko, B. P., Larina, T. O., Myronchak, K. V., & Savinov, V. V. (2019). Sotsialno-psykholohichni tekhnolohii vidnovlennia osobystosti pislia travmatychnykh podii [Socio-psychological technologies of personality recovery after traumatic events]. Kropyvnytskyi: Imex-LTD. (in Ukrainian)
[23] Yanchuk, V. A. (2005). Vvedeniye v sovremennuyu sotsialnuyu psikhologiyu [Introduction to Modern Social Psychology]. Minsk: ASAR. (in Russian)